![]() ![]() ![]() We then reconstructed the reaction coordinates and the corresponding quasi-potentials from the trajectories. The trajectories clustered into two distinct groups, indicating that the transition dynamics proceeds through parallel paths. Through time-lapse imaging we recorded single cell trajectories of human A549/Vim-RFP cells undergoing EMT induced by different concentrations of exogenous TGF-β in a multi-dimensional cell feature space. While some mechanistic details remain controversial, EMT is a cell phenotypic transition (CPT) process central to development and pathology. Here, we performed live cell imaging studies and analyses in the framework of dynamical systems theories on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Two basic mechanisms for destabilizing a stable fixed point, pitchfork and saddle-node bifurcations, have been extensively studied theoretically however, direct experimental investigation at the single-cell level remains scarce. Mathematically, a stable phenotype corresponds to a stable attractor in a generally multi-dimensional state space, which needs to be destabilized so the cell relaxes to a new attractor. How a cell changes from one stable phenotype to another one is a fundamental problem in developmental and cell biology. ![]()
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